Considering Li-Ion Battery Cell Ageing in Energy Storage Solutions

Lithium Ion (Li-ion) cells are strong choices for energy storage within grid systems, balancing renewable supply and demand. Li-ion cells can have high durability and long lifetimes. They offer high durability and long lifespans but experience complex electrochemical and mechanical degradation that affects performance and control calibration. Key ageing mechanisms include electrode surface layer formation, lithium deposition, electrolyte deterioration, and damage to electrodes and current collectors. These mechanisms depend on electrode chemistry and usage conditions. It is essential to consider them when designing battery packs, selecting cell chemistry, and planning thermal management. The complex non-linear changes in cell behaviour must also be considered during usage. Control systems must account for complex, condition-based changes in cell behaviour, requiring sophisticated modelling and analysis of ageing effects to optimize the trade-off between usage and depreciation. This paper explains Li-ion cell ageing and its consequences in the context of stationary storage applications.