Research on High-Impedance Fault Models Based on Arc Distortion Characteristics

The paper addresses the mathematical description problem of nonlinearity and characteristic differentiation in the breakdown of high-impedance fault (HIF) media. It proposes an improved Mayr arc model. Firstly, the physical process of the arc at the fault point and the nonlinear characteristic changes of the arc under high-resistance fault were studied. By analyzing the main characteristic dimensions of the nonlinear resistance, the transferability of model parameters, controllability of nonlinear characteristics, and simulation accuracy were improved. Finally, by comparing the existing high-resistance fault models, the controllability and accuracy of the proposed model were verified. In practice, due to significant differences in fault current waveforms under different grounding media in HIF, traditional detection algorithms often lack adaptability. The improved arc model can accurately depict the arc current waveforms under various working conditions, greatly expanding the applicability of subsequent detection algorithms. This lays a foundation for the accurate detection of HIF.