Techno-Economic Analysis and Regulation of the LAPAN LSU Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) for Surveillance and Territorial Mapping in Indonesia

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in Indonesia for mapping, observation, surveillance, and delivery. This study examines the LAPAN Surveillance UAV (LSU)-02, a fixed-wing UAV developed by LAPAN, focusing on its technical performance, economic viability, and regulatory framework. Technical analysis shows robust communication link margins exceeding 15 dB at 100 km, and improved coverage with altitude, though high-resolution data management is essential. Economic evaluation reveals that owning the UAV is more cost-effective than leasing, with a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) greater than 1. Regulatory review identifies existing rules such as Permenhub No. 37/2020 and CASR Part 107, but also notes gaps in alignment with international standards, particularly in operation permits and security. Recommendations include streamlining licensing, mandating UAV registration, and developing clear operational standards. This study aims to enhance UAV use and regulatory frameworks to meet Indonesia's growing needs for aerial monitoring and mapping.