Characterization of Voltage Fluctuations: A Methodology to KPI Analysis and Anomaly Diagnosis

This work presents an algorithm designed to analyse voltage signals in Photovoltaic (PV) systems that aim to describe voltage changes in terms of operation and maintenance (O&M) corrective actions for further PV yield optimization. The algorithm examines daily voltage Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to detect and diagnose abnormalities. The process employs stringent data quality checks, statistical analysis, and control charts. The results clearly indicate the effectiveness of the system in identifying performance impairing issues, such as fluctuations in voltage, obstruction of sunlight by vegetation, accumulation of dirt, and decreases in voltage levels. Visual evaluation emphasises the significance of these diagnostics for proactive maintenance, and thereby guaranteeing the reliability and effectiveness of PV systems. This methodology improves the operating performance of PV systems, hence enhancing their sustainability and economic feasibility.