Optimization of Residential Net Load using Demand Response and Battery Storage

Demand side management (DSM) and solar-plus-storage systems are enabling technologies that facilitate consumers to increase self-consumption (SC), while reducing electricity costs through efficient and intelligent electricity usage. Even though many demand response (DR) strategies have been presented for the residential sector, a major challenge remains the joint optimal utilization and synergies of DR and the battery systems flexibility scheduling. This paper explores how the optimization of DR and battery energy storage systems (BESS) scheduling can notably improve the net load profile of residential users. The obtained results indicate that the optimized DR model and battery storage effectively support load shifting and peak energy utilization. Specifically, the analysis suggests that the combination of DR and an 8kWh battery storage system increased the SC from 55.04% to 95.84% and the SS from 37.50% to 66.88%, compared to a baseline scenario (without battery storage and DR actions). Ultimately, the proposed optimization achieved a higher degree of energy autonomy for the yearly profile of a median household by minimizing the sum of absolute values of the net load with load shifting and BESS charging/discharging. Finally, the optimization model can be used by aggregators and system operators for scheduling and optimizing flexibility actions.