Jean Langdon: transformations and perspectives from half a century of research about shamanism

This text reviews some of Jean Langdon’s most important classical and contemporary writings about shamanism, highlighting her key contributions to the area, as well as her relevance to the anthropology of health and Indigenous health policies. The paper also reflects on Langdon’s influence in the discussions surrounding gender and female agency in ethnographies of lowland South America. Jean Langdon was one of the pioneers in the revival of the research on shamanism in the 1980s. During a period when male anthropologists largely dominated studies on this topic, she highlighted the complexity and diversity of Indigenous shamanisms, proposing that they should be seen as cosmological systems. In her more recent works, she suggests that shamanisms emerge from specific political and historical contexts and proposes to approach this phenomenon as a dialogical category resulting from the interactions of actors with very diverse origins, discourses, and interests. Langdon also discusses contemporary shamanic networks, circuits that have expanded significantly over the past two decades in Latin American countries such as Brazil and Colombia, as well as in other parts of the world. With ayahuasca playing a central role, these growing networks connect multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous social actors across geographic, symbolic, and conceptual boundaries. Langdon particularly emphasizes the dynamic, creative and constantly transforming nature of Amerindian shamanisms, which often challenges the anthropological imagination.