Enhancing user comfort in smart buildings though operational optimization

This paper presents a multi- objective operational model for smart buildings, integrating Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, electrical storage, Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lighting, and photovoltaic (PV) devices. The model addresses the challenges of HVAC system non-linearity, optimizing both economic efficiency and occupant comfort. Designed for scalability and real-time applications, the model minimizes energy costs while ensuring thermal comfort, optimal lighting, and maintaining air quality within healthy CO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> levels. Additionally, the study includes a Pareto frontier, offering a range of optimal solutions that balance energy savings with comfort requirements. This approach enhances both cost-effectiveness and occupant well-being in smart buildings, providing decision-makers with flexibility in prioritizing between economic and comfort objectives.