Experimental evaluation of effect of Drakshasava on memory and learning of Wistar rats

Drakshasava is a traditional herbal preparation used in Ayurveda as a general tonic to treat various ailments. It primarily consists of draksha (grapes), along with multiple other herbal ingredients. During the manufacturing of the asava the alcohol is generated. There are claims about enhancement of the effect of Drakshasava by this self-generated alcohol. Present study was undertaken with the objective to evaluate the effects of Drakshasava, an Ayurvedic fermented formulation, on memory and learning in Wistar rats. Thirty-two Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: a control group, Drakshasava-LD & HD and standard drug treated. The Drakshasava-treated group received 2 ml/kg and 4ml/kg body weight and Piracetam was given to standard drug group orally for 21 days. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) to evaluate spatial learning, memory retention, and recall abilities. Rats treated with Drakshasava showed significant improvement in the EPM, Drakshasava-treated rats demonstrated improved retention and recall, evidenced by prolonged step-through latency. In the MWM test, no significant reduction in escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant compared to the control groups, indicating no effect on spatial learning and memory. Drakshasava enhances cognitive function moderately in Wistar rats, as evidenced by improved performance in behavioral tests. These findings support the potential use of Drakshasava as an antianxiety agent but not as a cognitive enhancer.