Ecological cultures of Mycobacterium vaccae and Aerococcus viridans — biomarkers of the sanitary welfare of the cow ecotop

Permanent epidemiological monitoring of biosafety of the external environment, livestock buildings, manure, soil, and milk is an important but methodologically difficult problem of veterinary and sanitary control. Indication of infectious pathogens by classical methods of laboratory analysis can lead to incomplete and untimely diagnostics of zoonotic pathogens, especially in the case of adaptogenic transformation of prokaryotes under the influence of physicochemical and biological pressure of the ecotope of the habitat of the transient microbial association. At the same time, it is known that clinically healthy animals in a stable ecotope of habitat favorable for infectious pathology do not release zoonotic pathogens into the environment and livestock products. Biomarkers of sanitary well-being and the absence of pathogens of zooanthroponosis can be indigenous prokaryotes with probiotic activity, which exist only in the body of clinically healthy animals and are released into the external environment, where they also exhibit antagonistic potential against parasitocenoses of microbial origin. Such prokaryotic biomarkers of sanitary well-being of the habitat of productive animals include Mycobacterium vaccae and Aerococcus viridans. These are prokaryotes with probiotic potential and antagonistic activity against opportunistic microflora. At the same time, aerococci mainly live in the internal environment of the macroorganism in a state of physiological norm and are released from it during pathophysiological changes, and mycobacteria vaccae prevail in the external environment and belong to the saprophytic association of microbionts with transient abilities, that is, they survive in the internal environment of the macroorganism for a limited time. Therefore, these microbionts can be classified as sanitary indicative and, acting as biomarkers of infection well-being, they provide information on the state of the microbial landscape in the internal environment and external environment of the organism of productive animals