Challenges and Adaptations of EFL Teaching Amidst Global Crises

Global crises such as the public health crisis and political polarization have greatly affected the mode of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL). However, such shifts have also created many challenges for teachers, such as becoming proficient in the use of online teaching tools and redesigning lessons to maintain student engagement. In addition, negative changes in global immigration policies in the context of growing anti-globalization sentiments have further exacerbated uncertainty in the career development of non-native English-speaking (NES) teachers, making it more difficult for them to obtain teaching qualifications and gain teaching experience. Through a literature review, this paper summarizes the main challenges for EFL teachers in terms of technology adaptation, pedagogy adaptation and public policy. The findings show that although teachers demonstrate a high level of adaptability, they still need ongoing support to cope with the complexities associated with technological change and policy change. This study argues that future pedagogical and policy reforms are essential to ensure the long-term professional development of EFL teachers.