The Analysis of MIMO Communication

Communication technologies have developed fast from the First Generation (1G) of mobile communication networks to the Fifth (5G) in 40 years. However, they cannot meet the growing communication requirements of exponentially increasing connected devices. To support these requirements, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology has gained extensive attention from researchers for its large channel capacity, high signal reliability and high spectral efficiency. The purpose of this essay is to review the present MIMO technology and critically analyze the challenge of the moment, providing some viable solutions. By analyzing published articles, there are some discoveries that some MIMO technologies have outstanding performance in practical application, like massive MIMO (mMIMO), with others being considered to have potential but having technical obstacles such as terahertz MIMO. In the first part of this article, some main MIMO technologies will be introduced, including mMIMO, Full-Duplex MIMO, Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS), AI-Driven MIMO Optimization and mmWave/terahertz MIMO. The second section will provide several development challenges of MIMO technology, while appropriate solutions will also be listed. Lastly, a conclusion will be drawn.