Synergistic effects of Na₂O on structural, physical, optical, and bioactive properties of SrO-SiO₂-ZrO₂ glasses for biomedical applications

Abstract Sodium oxide (Na 2 O) doped glasses are promising materials for numerous biomedical applications due to their improved structural and biocompatibility. Herein, the glasses within a system (45-x)SrO-45SiO 2 -10ZrO 2 -xNa 2 O (where, 0 ≤ x ≤ 6) were fabricated via a melt-quenching technique. The glassy phase (amorphous nature) of the prepared glasses was confirmed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Further, various structural, physical, optical, and biological studies were assessed. The obtained density of the synthesized glasses was observed to be in the range of 3.51–3.76 g cm −3 . Further, in order to study the structural behaviors of the glass samples, FTIR spectroscopy was performed. However, various optical parameters like band gap, Urbach energy, skin depth, optical basicity, refractive indices etc were determined with the help of UV-visible spectroscopic technique. Further, particle size was calculated via ‘dynamic light scattering’ (DLS) technique and found to be decreased from 825 nm to 51 nm. To check the biocompatibility of the glass samples, the MTT assay performed on the treated cancer cells. Furthermore, toxicology of the samples was assessed using DAPI, DCFH-DA staining, and trypan blue assay. These findings revealed that synthesized glasses are a feasible material for innumerable biomedical applications, particularly for bone and tooth implants.