Supply-side challenges and research needs on the road to 100% zero-emissions vehicle sales
Abstract In this review paper, we delve into the supply-side challenges and considerations for transitioning to 100% zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), weaving together an analysis of batteries, vehicle production, charging infrastructure, and relevant supply-side policies. We begin by examining the innovations and environmental impacts of lithium mining and recycling, highlighting the need for robust frameworks to ensure sustainable battery production. Our exploration of vehicle production reveals important issues regarding labor dynamics and global competitiveness. Our investigation into charging infrastructure reveals complexities in deployment models and access, reflecting broader societal and economic considerations. Lastly, a critical evaluation of policies across various jurisdictions provides insights into the effectiveness and potential improvements needed to support the ZEV transition. We emphasize the need for coordinated efforts and further research, particularly in areas such as end-of-life considerations for batteries and the alignment of international production standards. Our findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the supply-side landscape for ZEVs and underscore the essential research directions to ensure a responsible and successful electrification of the transportation system.
Authors
- John Paul Helveston (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-9191)
- Patrick Jochem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-4958)
- Patrick Plötz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6790-0183)
- Scott Hardman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-7909)
- Alan Jenn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-0697)
- Jeppe Rich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-3836)
- Frances Sprei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-3655)
- Kelly Hoogland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-0767)
- José Pedro Pontes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-428X)
- Gil Tal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-3664)
- Erik Figenbaum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-369X)
- Nazir Refa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-8150)
- Claire Sugihara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-2974)
- Jonn Axsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-8912)
- Ajay Chakraborty (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-7282)
Institutions
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- George Washington University (US)
- Thales (Netherlands) (NL)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Institute of Transport Economics (NO)
- Centre for Sustainable Energy (GB)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (DE)
- Chalmers University of Technology (SE)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Progress in Energy
- Published
- 2024-12-19
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/ada199
- Citations
- 7
- Primary Topic
- Extraction and Separation Processes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.49