Using β-Elemene to reduce stemness and drug resistance in osteosarcoma: A focus on the AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway and immune modulation

β-Elemene demonstrates promising potential in reducing osteosarcoma stemness and drug resistance via dual mechanisms: targeting the AKT/FOXO1 pathway and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings suggest β-elemene as a potential adjunct therapy for osteosarcoma, providing novel therapeutic strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance and improve patient outcomes.