Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical examination of corrosion inhibition properties of anilinesalicylidene Schiff base

This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and corrosion inhibition performance of an anilinesalicylidene Schiff base, derived from aniline and salicylaldehyde, as an efficient inhibitor for XC48 steel in acidic environments. The Schiff base was synthesized via both conventional methods and an organic (green) synthesis approach, emphasizing sustainability and reduced environmental impact. Its structure was confirmed using spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Gravimetric analyses were performed to evaluate the inhibitor’s efficiency in 1 M hydrochloric acid, revealing excellent protection against corrosion. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis using Density Functional Theory (DFT) provided insights into the molecular structure's influence on its inhibitory properties. Parameters such as the energy gap, dipole moment, and electronic density distribution were calculated to elucidate the adsorption mechanism on the steel surface. The combined experimental and theoretical findings underline the Schiff base's potential as an eco-friendly and cost-effective corrosion inhibitor for industrial applications.