Explosive Strength and Speed as Potential Determinants of Success in Youth Figure Skating Competitions

This study aimed to determine the extent to which explosive and reactive strength of the lower limbs, as well as acceleration in running and skating speed, predict figure skating competition results in youth skaters. Talented figure skaters aged 8 to 16 years (n = 211) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (basic novice; age: 10.38 ± 1.10 yrs., height: 1.3889 ± 0.07.26 m, weight: 32.75 ± 4.63 kg) and Group 2 (advanced novice and junior; age: 13.02 ± 1.06 yrs., height: 1.527 ± 0.0818 m, weight: 42.73 ± 7.62 kg). Fifteen variables of physical fitness were measured using tests such as repeated vertical jump, standing long jump, triple jump (right/left leg), 15 m running sprint, and 15 m skating sprint. The competition results were recorded according to the International Skating Union Code of Points. The principal component analysis reduced the fifteen variables to four principal components, explaining 84–87% of the variance. Linear regression models showed that these components significantly explained the variability in the competition scores for both groups. For Group 1, R2 ranged from 0.298 to 0.425, while for Group 2, it ranged from 0.086 to 0.237. Pearson’s R was higher for the mean best score of the season than for the National Championship score. The relative importance of these factors varied across age groups. These findings highlight the need for tailored on- and off-ice training that focuses on locomotion and acceleration for younger skaters and dynamic jump training for older skaters.