Smart grid reliability improvement using smart sensors

This study investigates the enhancement of reliability in smart grids through the implementation of a novel protective device, a relay-based smart sensor. The smart grid introduces unique challenges for security systems, such as bidirectional energy flow, variable fault currents, and increased vulnerability due to distributed generation. Traditional protective relays, while essential in legacy systems, often fall short in addressing these complexities. Smart sensors, on the other hand, offer advanced capabilities by integrating sensing devices, signal processors, and microprocessors into a single unit capable of real-time data processing and communication. Using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), the reliability of smart sensors in a decentralized grid was analyzed and compared to traditional relays. Various subsystems, including photovoltaic and wind turbine setups, were examined to assess system dependability. The results demonstrate a significant reliability improvement when using smart sensors, achieving a reliability score of 0.881 compared to 0.669 for traditional relays. This highlights the transformative potential of smart sensors in enhancing network protection and mitigating risks. The study underscores the necessity of adopting innovative technologies to address the evolving demands of smart grid systems. Future work could explore more complex fault trees and external factors impacting microgrid performance.