Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with vinorelbine as second‑line treatment for elderly patients with advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma: A retrospective cohort

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with vinorelbine (NVB) as a second-line treatment for elderly patients with advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC). The present retrospective analysis included 48 elderly patients (aged ≥65 years) diagnosed with advanced SqCLC who received anlotinib in combination with NVB as a second-line therapy between January 2021 and December 2023. The primary endpoints assessed were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and safety profile. The median PFS and OS for the cohort was found to be 5.0 and 9.5 months, respectively. By contrast, the ORR and DCR were found to be 29.17 and 70.83%. Further subgroup analysis indicated that patients who experienced specific adverse events (AEs), such as hypertension, proteinuria and hand-foot syndrome during treatment, generally had superior efficacy compared with those who did not experience these AEs (mPFS, 6.0 vs. 4.0 months; mOS, 11.0 vs. 8.5 months). In addition, apart from promising efficacy, patients who experienced common AEs also experienced decreased appetite (35.42%), fatigue (29.17%), hypertension (25%) and hand-foot syndrome (27.08%). Grade 3 or higher AEs occurred in <30% of patients, the majority of which was alleviated through corresponding support care. These results suggest that the combination of anlotinib and NVB as second-line therapy for elderly patients with advanced SqCLC demonstrated promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile. Such regimen may be a viable treatment option for this patient population. However, further prospective studies are required to validate these findings and optimize the dosing schedule for improved therapeutic outcomes.