Enhancing power grid observability through optimal PMU placement using the salp swarm algorithm

The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a state-of-the-art device that substantially enhances the full monitoring and control of power systems. Renowned for their high precision, PMUs utilize sophisticated time synchronization techniques that enable the accurate measurement of voltages at specific buses, as well as the phase angles of currents in the lines that connect to those buses. This study proposes an innovative methodology that utilizes the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SAA) to optimize PMU placement, ensuring comprehensive system observability. The optimization approach aims to minimize the number of PMUs required, thereby reducing deployment costs while maintaining effective system monitoring. The proposed (SSA) algorithm has been validated through testing on three IEEE standard benchmark systems, specifically the 9-bus, 14-bus, and 30-bus networks. Simulation results indicate that the optimal PMU placement achieved with this approach guarantees effective observability of system states. In addition, the methodology has been applied to a real-world power network in Algeria, consisting of 114 buses, further demonstrating its robustness in ensuring full system observability.