Multidimensional Meaning in Life: Turkish Validation of the 3DM Using a Bifactor Model

Recent research highlights the importance of multidimensional measurement in assessing meaning in life. The Three Dimensional Meaning in Life Scale (3DM) is a self-report measure based on a tripartite framework including significance, coherence, and purpose. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the 3DM. The first-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the Turkish version replicated the original three-factor structure of the 3DM. The model showed a good fit to the present data. The bifactor model of the 3DM supported a multidimensional structure of meaning in life, and measurement invariance indices demonstrated consistent psychometric properties across gender groups. The 3DM subscales had good reliability, with strong item-total correlations ranging from .47 to .76. They had significant positive associations with meaning in life and well-being indicators. The results provided evidence for the structural and convergent validity of the 3DM. Overall, the Turkish 3DM is a valid and reliable measure.