Assessment of battery technologies and energy source integration on the performance of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems

The performance of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is heavily influenced by the type and characteristics of the batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries, the most commonly used due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate, are particularly well-suited for V2G applications. These batteries can endure frequent charging and discharging cycles, which is essential for V2G systems that need to regularly supply power back to the grid. However, without proper management, continuous cycling can accelerate battery degradation. To mitigate this, advanced battery management systems (BMS) are crucial for monitoring and optimizing the charging and discharging processes to maintain battery health and extend lifespan. Solid-state batteries, which are still under development but promise greater energy density and longer lifespans compared to lithium-ion batteries, could further enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of V2G technology. The choice of battery type significantly impacts the economic and operational feasibility of V2G, affecting aspects such as energy capacity, charging speed, cycle durability, and system reliability. As battery technology advances, it will be pivotal to the wider adoption and success of V2G systems. This research explores the integration of various traditional and renewable energy sources within the studied system, analyzing their impact and interpreting the results.