Functional Brain Changes in Younger Population of Cervical Spondylosis Patients with Chronic Neck Pain

Young patients with chronic neck pain show extensive central remodeling, with altered functional activity in pain-emotion brain areas (such as the cingulate gyrus and insula), pain-cognition brain areas (such as the prefrontal lobe), and other special sensory brain areas (such as the parietal and occipital lobes). These changes are linked to clinical tenderness, functional disability, and negative emotion indicators.