Study on Coating of TiO<sub>2 </sub>Nanotubes on Microporous Ti Surfaces for Biomedical Applications

In this research, smooth commercial Ti grade 2 corroded by ErCl 3 .6H 2 O under an electrochemical process with difference electrochemical current ranging from 0.5 – 4A, providing a rougher surface conducive to the adsorption on the Ti surface. A thin layer of TiO 2 nanotubes synthesized via the anodization method on microporous Ti surfaces for application in the biomedical field. The results reveal that the smooth titanium surface was completely corroded, resulting in the formation of a microporous structure, with a thin layer of TiO 2 successfully formed on the microporous titanium surfaces. The digital optical images obtained using digital microscope (VHX) showed that the micropore depth is around 41.94 - 55.83 µm. On the other hand, the SEM results revealed that the diameter of TiO 2 nanotubes ranged from 50 – 80 nm. The EDS and XRD techniques indicated that no impurities were present, and the TiO 2 phase was successfully formed. SEM images show positive results regarding the formation of a bone-like CaP mineral layer after 14 days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating suitability for biomedical applications.