Assessment of BCR /ABL variants and Survivin Gene Expression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a condition where blood cells proliferate abnormally forming the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). This chromosomal aberration arises from the fusion of segments from chromosomes 9 and 22 through a reciprocal translocation. The present study focused on detection of chromosomal abnormalities and the role of survivin expression in different stages of CML. This descriptive study was conducted over a period of 3 years which constitutes 55 diagnosed CML patients. Cytogenetic tests revealed 27 (49%) patients in chronic phase (CP) with the Ph chromosome including 1 case with additional Ph copy and also a unique case with three way translocations. In accelerated phase (AP), 7(13%) patients were Ph+ve and 1 case was with isochromosome 17q and extra Ph copy. In blast phase (BP), 5 (9.0%) cases were characterised by the presence of t(9;22) and 1 case showed abnormality like gain of X chromosome and Y chromosome loss. Additionally, 9 (16%) cases were Ph-ve. FISH analysis showed varied fusion patterns, with 30(54%) cases having typical fusion,18 (33%) showing heterogeneous signal patterns. 7(13%) were categorized as normal hybridization pattern signals. In our current study, Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated higher survivin expression correlated with shorter survival and lower expression linked to longer survival in CML patients.