THE EXISTENCE OF SIMPLEST BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES IN THE FIELD OF HARD RADIATIONS

The paper deals with the application of biophysics in astrobiology and space medicine. The interaction between cells, bacteria, and hard radiation in near-Earth space is calculated. We studied role of photons on the destruction of elementary biological structures. Depending of the spectra and intensity of X-rays and soft γ-radiation we declared, that calculations of photon energy deposition has been practical interest from the point of view of space flight safety and the survival of various forms in space. It was found how radiation energy transfer processes in cells and bacteria, changes their spectrum. This is leads to changing the cross sections of interaction between quanta and biological structures, i.e., membranes and organelles of cells and bacteria. We considered only structure of this interaction, percentage contribution in total extinction of the photon component of solar radiation in the standard biological structure named “Soft Tissue”. The main standards of biological tissues and anatomical structures were used for calculations and their interpretation. Different biological objects are stored in specialized standards. In particular, in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Radiation field in determine survivability of some types of microorganisms from ionizing radiation is significantly increased by drying and freezing. Drying and freezing significantly increases the radiation survival of microorganisms when used separately, and the combination of excision and freezing significantly increases radiation survival. Within the framework of Astrobiology, the study of the conditions proposed for consideration helps to understand the possibility of transporting multi-atomic structures (sugars, amino acids, etc.), primary bacteria in comets and some types of meteorites. It is noted that these cosmic bodies provide sufficient shielding from external exposure to cosmic rays during such transportation.