SPECTRA OF LIGHTNING IN SOME WINDOWS OF TRANSPARENCY OF X-RAY AND γ-RADIATION

The processes associated with the formation of lightning and their spectra during atmospheric and volcanic phenomena were considered as a means of studying the atmospheric plasma in the X-ray and soft γ-ray bands. It was found that the time intervals, power of the processes, and their energy make it possible to develop new generation equipment. The lightning spectra cover the X-ray and gamma-ray bands. Hard radiation detectors have been developed and proposed for their registration. It is shown that in a physical system of emitter (lightning), absorber (medium between lightning and detector), and the detector itself, the spectral structure on the detector depends on the distance to the source and the chemical composition of the environment around thunderstorms and volcanoes. Therefore, we have calculated and found the intervals of quanta energies in which the absorber response is small. Such spectral regions are called transparency windows and are necessary for the design of appropriate detectors. In the transparency windows, the original spectra of lightning discharges are observed. To conduct field work and reduce the influence of the atmosphere during a thunderstorm, the percentage contribution of air and water extrusion in atmospheric thunderstorms was found. For volcanic discharges, silicates and Al2O3 particles were taken. The parameters of the previously designed high-speed electrical interface suitable for operation under high voltage conditions, which is supplied to the CsPbBr3 or Lu(SiO)5 detector-crystal, were obtained and described. The main economic and operational advantages of the proposed spectroscopic equipment in the field are emphasized. The operation of the high-speed spectrograph in outer space was modeled in the absence of the need for its operation without deep cooling. The transparency windows and the structure of the radiation field in the X-ray and γ-ray bands were calculated and systematized.