The architectural characteristics of the traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Shanqal Castle as a case study

This study aims to analyze the architectural characteristics of traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, KSA, with the goal of elucidating their historical significance, cultural value, and architectural importance. The research focuses on identifying the distinctive elements of these castles and their role in enhancing the understanding and appreciation of cultural heritage in Saudi Arabia, particularly by examining Shanqal Castle as a significant yet previously understudied example. The study seeks to comprehend both the architectural and historical features of traditional castles in the region. Moreover, it investigates the influence of social, economic, and environmental factors on these structures, providing a detailed examination of Shanqal Castle as a prominent representative of this architectural typology. The research methodology includes field studies and archaeological surveys of Shanqal Castle, utilizing technological tools such as 3D modeling and photogrammetry. Additionally, it employs an analytical-inductive approach to examining relevant sources and references, alongside descriptive methods to interpret the remaining ruins of the castle.