Gyrokinetic simulation of turbulence under lower hybrid wave and electron cyclotron wave combined heating on EAST

On the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), the electron cyclotron wave (ECW) and lower hybrid wave (LHW) are actively used to achieve a high-performance plasma. Turbulence associated with the combined heating experiment is studied numerically based on the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC). The linear simulation results show that the unstable mode peaks at $k_{\theta }\rho _{s}\approx 0.65$ and $k_{\theta }\rho _{s}\approx 1.42$ . Meanwhile, all of the frequencies of these instabilities are positive, which suggests that the collisionless trapped electron mode (CTEM) is the dominant instability. In the process of nonlinear simulations, a higher transport level is locally achieved during the two waves combined heating due to a formation of a steeper electron temperature gradient. In addition, a low-frequency geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is observed in the nonlinear stage. Effects of the electron beta, the dimensionless ratio of $T_e/T_i$ and $R/L_{T_e}$ on the growth rate of instability, are also discussed in the paper.