Power plant waste (fly ash, bottom ash, biomass ash) management for promoting circular economy in sustainable construction: emerging economy context

Purpose This study explores the contributions of fly ash, bottom ash and biomass ash from coal and biomass power plants for enhancing circular economy of construction sectors in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach This research investigates their applications in construction, emphasizing their role in reducing environmental impact and promoting circular economy principles. Through a qualitative analysis using data from structured interviews with 41 involved stakeholders, the study highlights the economic and environmental benefits of integrating these by-products into business operations. Findings Currently, the cement and concrete industries can successfully adopt almost 100% fly ash, but logistic optimization is necessary to address the wet fly ash problem. The practical applications of bottom ash pose disposal challenges due to their poor adoption. Biomass ash can be alternatively implemented as a soil amendment and fertilization in the agriculture industry while current growth seems significant with the shift to a clean energy policy. Practical implications This research underscores the importance of policy support and collaboration between industry stakeholders to maximize the sustainable potential of these by-products in an emerging economy context. Originality/value The sustainability development goals (SDGs) were well-established in developing economies. Nevertheless, the literature review indicates that there is a lack of understanding regarding their backgrounds, influencing factors, challenges and practical applications for the circular economy.