Phyto-metabolomic investigation of biologically active fraction of <i>Phanera vahlii (Wight &amp; Arn.) Benth.</i> leaf

<i>Phanera vahlii</i> (Wight & Arn.) Benth., leaves are used traditionally in variety of diseases. Chemical examination of the leaves yielded Davinvolunol B (1) and Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (2). Compared with the other extracts, the aqueous methanol extract significantly inhibited <i>Streptococcus aureus</i> with an IC₅₀ of 8 µg/mL. In the anticancer activity assay, the ethyl acetate extract was effective against HeLa cells (IC₅₀ 19 µg/mL), the methanol extract was effective against A549 cells (IC₅₀ of 19 µg/mL), the aqueous methanol extract was effective against PANC-1 cells (IC₅₀ of 17 µg/mL) and the chloroform extract was effective against HT1080 cells (IC₅₀ of 19 µg/mL). The polar extracts which showed good antioxidant activity exhibited strong bioactivity. This finding was supported by untargeted phytometabolite profiling of extracts using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE. The PCA score plot and the Ven diagram revealed that the extracts had a distinctive and adequate number of polar molecules that likely contributed to their observed inhibitory activity.