Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Arylaminopyrimidine Derivatives as Dual Cathepsin L and JAK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a disease characterized by pulmonary inflammation, blood barrier functional disorder, and hypoxemia. Herein, a series of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized. Most of them exhibited inhibitory effects on inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells at a concentration of 5 μM without significant cytotoxicity. Compound <b>A8</b> displayed an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, achieving inhibition rates of 83% for IL-6 and 85% for IL-8. Besides, <b>A8</b> has a strong binding affinity to CTSL and a good inhibitory activity on JAKs. Western blot analysis indicated that compound <b>A8</b> strongly blocked the maturation of CTSL and the phosphorylation of p-38, p-65, and STATs, thereby repressing the activation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Moreover, animal experiments showed that <b>A8</b> played a protective and therapeutic role in ALI in mice, validating its potential as a treatment for ALI.