Effective Sustainable Vector Control of Anopheles gambiae in Ota

Abstract This study investigates the resistance status of Anopheles gambiae in Ota to malathion, fenitrothion, alphacypermethrin, and deltamethrin, and its implications for sustainable vector control and public health. Female larvae and pupae were collected from breeding sites in Atan and Nestle areas using the standard dipping method and reared to adulthood (2-5 days old, non-blood-fed). These adult mosquitoes were then assessed for responsiveness to malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1%), deltamethrin (0.05%), and alphacypermethrin (0.05%) following World Health Organization standard protocols. Genotypic analysis of knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles in the resistant mosquito population was conducted using polymerase chain reaction. The mortality rate of the mosquitoes to malathion and fenitrothion (100%) exposure was higher than alphacypermethrin (11.8%) and deltamethrin (12.5%). Contrary, the 50% and 95% knockdown time thresholds of alphacypermethrin (1.47 ×10 8 and 2.57×10 8 min) and deltamethrin (190.12 and 319.53 min) were higher than malathion (52.86 and 84.02 min) and fenitrothion (53.35 and 90.71 min). The kdr allele frequency was 100% for alphacypermethrin resistance and 23.5% for deltamethrin. This study shows the high efficacy of malathion and fenitrothion for mosquito control and potential resistance to alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin in Ota. Robust mosquito surveillance and resistance profiling on a large scale is required in Ota for effective sustainable vector management and malaria eradication promoting good health and wellbeing.