Design and Simulation of a Sustainable Green DC-DC Multi-Outlet Electric Vehicle Charger

Abstract This paper presents the design and simulation of a DC-DC charger with four outlets, utilising both outer and inner loop control strategies to efficiently charge lithium-ion batteries of varying nominal voltages and capacities. To manage the charging process of electric vehicles (EVs), the authors investigated single converter switching mode (SCSM) and double converter switching mode (DCSM). SCSM uses one insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) for buck converter switching, while DCSM uses two IGBTs. The proposed system is designed to handle four different battery configurations (12 V, 1000 Ah; 24 V, 1500 Ah; 48 V, 2000 Ah; 96 V, 2500 Ah) and operate from a 400 V DC source. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the control strategies and indicate that SCSM achieves a steady charging and discharging operation process over all the switching stages compared to the DCSM. This work further presents the comparative analysis of SCSM and DCSM in a multi-outlet EV charger, and the result shows an average percentage increase in charging rate of 0.002% for both SCSM and DCSM. This study provides a foundation for developing advanced EV charger capable of handling diverse battery configurations with improved performance. The charger is modelled using 2024a Matlab/Simulink software, and simulation results ascertain a good operation performance of the EV charger.