Differences in the Microbial Composition and Function of the Arundo donax Rhizosphere Under Different Cultivation Conditions

Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the health and development of root systems. Investigating the microbial composition of the rhizosphere is central to understanding the inter-root microbial function of <i>Arundo donax</i> under various cultivation conditions. To complement the metagenomic study of the <i>Arundo donax</i> rhizosphere, here, an amplicon-based metagenomic survey of bacteria and fungi was selected as a practical approach to analyzing the abundance, diversity index, and community structure of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, as well as to study the effects of different cultivation methods on rhizosphere microbial diversity. Next-generation sequencing and QIIME2 analysis were used. The results indicated that microbial community richness, diversity, and evenness of the hydroponic samples were lower than those of soil samples when examining the α diversity indices of bacteria and fungi using Chao1, ACE, and Shannon metrics. In particular, the relative abundances of <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Rhizobiales</i>, and <i>Incertae sedis</i> in hydroponic materials were higher, while <i>Basidiomycota</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>, and <i>Actinobacteriota</i> dominated the flora in soil materials when comparing the numbers of OTUs and the ACE community richness estimator. Furthermore, the rhizosphere of hydroponic <i>A. donax</i> contained a higher abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, which contribute to root formation. Additionally, there was a significant presence of <i>Basidiomycota</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>, and <i>Actinobacteriota</i> in soil <i>A. donax</i>, which can form hyphae. This reveals that the microbial community composition of the <i>A. donax</i> rhizosphere is significantly different under various cultivation conditions, suggesting that employing two distinct culturing techniques for <i>Arundo donax</i> may alter the microbiome. Furthermore, it provides technical support for the synergistic interaction between <i>Arundo donax</i> and rhizosphere microorganisms so as to better use the relationship between <i>Arundo donax</i> and basic microorganisms to solve the problems of <i>Arundo donax</i> growth and ecological restoration.