A study on fetomaternal outcome of singlet one breech delivery at tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Breech presentation, which accounts for 3-4% of singletone pregnancies at term is a form of malpresentation in which the podalic pole (foetal buttock and/or lower extremities) appears at the pelvic inlet. Certain unfavourable outcomes for both mother and foetus are linked to breech presentation. The study’s objective was to determine the frequency of breech presentation at tertiary care hospital as well as their effects on mothers and foetuses. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Smt. SMS hospital and Dr. M.K. Shah Medical college Chandkheda, Ahmedabad. Total 100 cases were included from march 2022 to March 2024 and included all the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria.Results: The prevalence of breech was found to be 3.85% among 2,592 total deliveries in them majority, 51% cases were in the age group of 21-25 years, with 53% being primigravida, 67% registered for antenatal care, most of the cases were delivered by caesarean section (93%) which were associated with PIH, oligohydramnios and PROM. Perinatal morbidity in form of IUGR, LBW, foetal distress was seen to be higher in babies delivered vaginally (57%) as compared to 18.27% in cases delivered by caesarean section from the rate of NICU admission. Conclusion: In case of breech presentation the mode of delivery should be determined by gestational age, type of breech, stage of labour, foetal wellbeing and availability of skilled obstetrician and the availability of paediatrician/NICU. Compared to vaginal delivery in breech presentation, casearean section minimise perinatal morbidity and mortality but do not completely remove the related maternal and foetal outcomes.