Review Paper for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyper-glycemia, has its roots in ancient times. Originating from the Greek words "diabetes" (siphon) and "mellitus" (sweet), DM has plagued humanity for millennia. The condition is marked by the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. The global prevalence of DM is alarming, with an estimated 463 million individuals affected worldwide in 2019. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the majority of cases, and the disease is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity. DM imposes a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems globally, with billions of dollars spent annually on treatment and management. The long-term complications of DM are severe and can include cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye problems. Effective management of DM is crucial to prevent these complications and improve quality of life.