Isolation and Characterization Lignin of Sugar Palm Fruit Shell by Klason Method

Sugar palm fruit shell is one of the biomass wastes that contains lignocellulose. Lignin is a valuable material that can be earned from the isolation of lignocellulosic material. In this work, lignin was isolated from palm fruit shell waste by Klason method with 72% sulfuric acid after removing free extractive by soxhlation process. The isolated lignin was analyzed to determine the functional groups, surface morphology, and thermal stability using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray. This work aimed to isolate and characterize lignin from palm sugar fruit shells. The yield of lignin in this experiment was 27%. The water content, ash, and lignin pH obtained were 4.50%, 3.41% and 9.98. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy spectra showed the many functional groups contained in lignin, such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, amine, ether, methoxy, and aromatic components. The Scanning Electron Microscopy showed a rough and porous surface. The Energy Dispersive X-ray showed the elemental composition in lignin, such as carbon, oxygen, and some inorganic elements. The Thermogravimetric Analysis showed that weight loss of lignin reached 47.948 % or 5.082 mg at 600°C. The characteristics of lignin obtained from sugar palm fruit shell by Klason showed that it had potency as a good material for further application.