Ethnobotanical investigation of Cistus monspeliensis (L.) in Northern Morocco: Traditional uses and future prospects

Background: Cistus monspeliensis (L.), a medicinal plant from the Rif region, has long been recognized for its therapeutic properties. However, limited ethnobotanical research exists on its traditional uses. This study aims to document the knowledge and practices surrounding C. monspeliensis among local populations, highlighting its medicinal and cultural significance. Methods: Conducted from November 2023 to February 2024, the study surveyed 102 participants across four municipalities and twelve villages in the Al Hoceima province. A structured questionnaire collected data on demographic factors such as origin, age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. Statistical analyses, including Pearson’s chi-square test, were performed using IBM SPSS (version 29). Results: The survey revealed that knowledge and use of C. monspeliensis are limited in both rural and urban areas. Villagers exhibited a stronger familiarity with the plant, while higher education levels correlated with greater awareness. Gender differences were notable, with men possessing broader knowledge due to wider exposure, but women showing deeper understanding of its practical uses. Socioeconomic status also influenced usage, with lower and middle classes using the plant more frequently. Medicinal use was primarily limited to treating digestive, skin, and dental issues, with leaves being the most used part, often prepared as a decoction. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the high cultural and economic value of C. monspeliensis in the Rif region, which is based on the intensive use of this plant in various applications such as traditional medicine, agriculture, beekeeping and even dentistry. Keywords: Ethnobotanical, Medicinal plants, Cistus monspeliensis (L.), Rif region, Morocco