Indirect calorimetry for metabolic monitoring in intensive care units

There is currently no clear approach to determining the severity of surgical stress and its impact on cardiopulmonary system, as well as to assessing the adequacy of intensive care. Indirect calorimetry is increasingly used as an alternative to generally accepted methods. This technique is valuable for monitoring of energy requirements at the bedside. This review is devoted to indirect calorimetry for non-invasive monitoring of key metabolic parameters in intensive care units. The authors analyzed the main directions for indirect calorimetry in the operating theater and intensive care unit with a focus on assessment of cardiopulmonary oxygen transport.