Dual fuel retrofit LNG for Indonesia’s Greenhouse Gas Strategy Case: Fulfilment of engine requirements on existing vessels in accordance with class requirements

Abstract The global maritime industry is transitioning towards sustainability to meet stringent environmental standards under IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI and the Paris Agreement. LNG emerges as a promising marine fuel, significantly reducing sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate emissions compared to traditional fuels. Indonesia, a major LNG exporter, aims to utilize LNG domestically under its Long-term Strategy for Low Carbon & Climate Resilience 2050. Adopting LNG in Indonesia’s maritime sector faces challenges, especially retrofitting existing diesel engines. Technical hurdles include ensuring engine compatibility, modifying fuel systems, and conducting comprehensive on-board testing due to limited infrastructure. Regulatory frameworks like Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) Rules and the NOx Technical Code 2008 amendments provide the guidance for emissions compliance and testing. This paper discusses methodologies to overcome these challenges, emphasizing robust testing protocols and sea trials to validate engine performance and emissions under real-world conditions. Collaboration among stakeholders is essential to facilitate Indonesia’s transition to sustainable maritime practices. Future advancements in LNG technology and infrastructure will bolster Indonesia’s energy security and contribute to global emissions reduction targets in maritime transport.