Mass spectrometry analysis and antioxidant potential assessment in jenipapo (Genipa Americana) seeds from Tabatinga-AM

Fruits are critical in human nutrition and health as sources of essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Among them, genipap (Genipa americana), a South American native fruit, is notable for its medicinal properties. The bark of genipap is particularly rich in iridoids, bioactive compounds with recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. However, while most research has concentrated on the pulp and peel, limited studies investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of genipap seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and characterize the chemical constituents of genipap seeds sourced from Tabatinga, AM. Plant material was collected, sanitized, and processed at the Chemistry Laboratory of CESTB/UEA, with a portion preserved for herbarium deposition. Seed extracts were prepared using ethanol at 70%, 80%, and 100% concentrations, as well as distilled water. After drying, the extracts’ yields were determined, and sufficient quantities were reserved for antioxidant assays and mass spectrometry analysis. Antioxidant activity was quantified using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, revealing that the 80% ethanol extract exhibited the highest activity (73.9%), while the aqueous extract showed no measurable activity. Mass spectrometry analysis identified the presence of two iridoids and genipacetal, marking this as the first report of antioxidant compounds in genipap seeds.