Optimal Global Gravity Field Model for Calculation of local Gravity and Geoid in Indonesia

Abstract This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of 17 Global Gravity Models (GGMs) sourced from ICGEM for geoid and gravity anomaly calculations. Using 980 validation points for geoid calculations and 18 for gravity anomaly calculations, we evaluated the standard deviations of each GGM to determine their precision. The results indicate that the three GGMs with the lowest standard deviations for geoid calculations are SGG-UGM-2 (0.247 m), XGM2019e 2159 (0.205 m), and EGM2008 (0.191 m), while SGG-UGM-1 G exhibited the highest deviation at 10.711 m. For gravity anomaly calculations, XGM2019e 2159 (15.295 mGal), EGM2008 (14.517 mGal), and SGG-UGM-2 (14.396 mGal) demonstrated the highest accuracy. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate GGMs for precise geodetic applications, with models like EGM2008 and XGM2019e 2159 offering superior performance due to their low standard deviations and high reliability. The spatial distribution of validation points further highlights the need for comprehensive evaluation across varied regions and terrains. This study provides critical insights for geodesists in choosing the most suitable GGMs for accurate geodetic results.