Three-dimensional City Modeling for Microclimate Simulation of Urban Areas

Abstract Increasing urbanization and building density can trigger an increase in environmental temperature, thereby influencing urban climate change. Urban management that responds to climate change is urgently needed, requiring a smarter urban design approach than before. As geospatial science and technology develop, conventional two-dimensional methods will transition to more complex three-dimensional spatial modeling. This approach has great potential in supporting climate change-responsive decision making in urban environments. Three-dimensional city modeling at the LOD 2.0 level was used for the microclimate simulation. The research was conducted in the Central Business District (CBD) of Mayjend Sungkono, Surabaya, which has special urban characteristics related to the urban climate, such as variations in the use of building functions, such as residential, village, commercial, apartment, or hotel, as well as unique types of roofs in the area. The parameters used for the simulation included air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), wind speed (m/s), and wind direction. Three-dimensional city modeling was performed using a semi-automatic method based on LiDAR data and aerial photos. The simulation was carried out by integrating three-dimensional city modeling with the visualization of microweather parameters in Envi-Met, along with pattern indicators from building facades. In addition, a vegetation scenario was created to reduce the temperature. The second factor is a comparison between the existing conditions and the scenarios that have been created.