Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors
- Hamed Borhany
- Adnan Kısa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-3436)
- Ionela-Roxana Petcu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7262-4371)
- Palwasha Anwari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6989-0791)
- Chidozie Declan Iwu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-6425)
- Arit Udoh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4643-4843)
- Ali‐Asghar Kolahi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-3732)
- Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-9819)
- Vincent Mougin
- Davide Rasella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-4386)
- Sarah Brooke Sirota
- Anis Ahmad Chaudhary (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-7836)
- Mehdi Hosseinzadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-4551)
- Till Bärnighausen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-4212)
- Dinh‐Toi Chu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-2022)
- Suchitra M Shenoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-0097)
- Mónica Rodrigues (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-6433)
- Muthia Cenderadewi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-7613)
- Ramna Thakur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-1033)
- Mukhtar Kulimbet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-700X)
- Sachith Mettananda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-0418)
- Wei‐Chen Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4333-5444)
- Gurudatta Naik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-6605)
- Brhane Berhe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-3104)
- Kathryn H. Jacobsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-6246)
- Gordon Takop Nchanji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-5057)
- Rakhi Dandona (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-788X)
- Santosh Kumar Rauniyar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2977-9428)
- Javad Javidnia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9336-2518)
- Apostolos Beloukas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-0528)
- Samar Abd ElHafeez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-2780)
- Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-1965)
- Anil K. Philip (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-330X)
- Sandip Chakraborty (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-3281)
- Rishi P Mediratta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-9329)
- Theo Vos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5690-5365)
- Narayan Subedi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2244)
- Firayad Ayele (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-3227)
- Muhammad Suleman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-1862)
- Aniefiok John Udoakang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-5508)
- Tapas Sadasivan Nair (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-9369)
- Mainak Bardhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-409X)
- Iman Zare
- Takeshi Fukumoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-711X)
- Muhammad Umar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-3552)
- Abdel Rahman E’mar
- Anamika Pandey
- Mehdi Hemmati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-3893)
- Defi Efendi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-169X)
- Suneth Agampodi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-1774)
- Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-3552)
- Mohsen Naghavi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-1458)
- Jalal Arabloo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-4528)
- Kavita Munjal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-8151)
- Allen G. Ross (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-0907)
- Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa
- S. Mohammad Sajadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-5178)
- Kannan R. R. Rengasamy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-7389)
- Muktar A Gadanya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-5219)
- Sumaira Mubarik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-1061)
- Matthew Cunningham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-5260)
- Xiaochen Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-7814)
- Jagadish Rao Padubidri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-7664)
- Zahid A Butt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2486-4781)
- Tuomo J Meretoja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2691-0710)
- Tahira Ashraf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1014-5222)
- Lucien R Swetschinski
- Ramy Mohamed Ghazy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-706X)
- Farzad Kompani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6090-4595)
- Pirouz Naghavi
- Manish Vinayak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2189-3309)
- Fathiah Zakham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2505-7217)
- Matthew C Doxey
- Walid Al-Zyoud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-5617)
- Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-4813)
- Afeez Abolarinwa Salami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-0080)
- Cătălina Liliana Andrei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0205)
- Vinaytosh Mishra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-910X)
- Desmond Klu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2800-2943)
- Chukwudi A Nnaji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-1922)
- Gulrez Shah Azhar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-1346)
- Joseph Uy Almazan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6889)
- Maarten Jacobus Postma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-3653)
- Abdelaziz Ed‐Dra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3273-1767)
- Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-2532)
- Pacifique Ndishimye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-2622)
- Adesola A. Ogunfowokan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-2928)
- Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-2437)
- Francesk Mulita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7198-2628)
- Baljinder Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-8809)
- Haneil Larson Dsouza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-4776)
- Ashraf El‐Metwally (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-0077)
- Mohammad Farahmand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-9298)
- Erfan Sadeghi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-8006)
- Victoria Pando‐Robles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-5627)
- Nghia Minh Tran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0008-9845)
- Danilo Buonsenso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-2639)
- Muaaz Alajlani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-6863)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-8188)
- Chandan Kumar Swain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-0043)
- Benn Sartorius (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6761-2325)
- Angelo Capodici (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-0702)
- Ayesha Fahim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-882X)
- Iván Delgado‐Enciso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-862X)
- Kwanghyun Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-5085)
- Sabah Al-Marwani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-792X)
- Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-4464)
- Yonas Derso Abtew
- Yeshambel T. Nigatu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-4188)
- Łukasz Szarpak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-5455)
- Soroush Soraneh
- Alireza Feizkhah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0333-894X)
- Mustapha Mohammed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-1610)
- Elahe Meftah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-0575)
- Verner Ndudiri Orish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-423X)
- Ali Nikoobar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-5211)
- Muhammad Chutiyami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-6302)
- Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez
- Fariba Dorostkar
- Jay Patel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-6784)
- Nityanand Jain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-7909)
- Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7710-6845)
- Chun‐Han Lo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-4513)
- Esteban Ortiz‐Prado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-7498)
- S M Mahmudul Hasan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-7953)
- Aravind P. Gandhi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-5450)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-8335)
- Wafa Ali Aldhaleei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-9658)
- Luca Ronfani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-3914)
- Ibrahim Elsohaby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-988X)
- Moawiah Khatatbeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-6486)
- Iruka N. Okeke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7587)
- Jai K Das (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-7162)
- Mohammed Elshaer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-2869)
- Mosab Arafat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9297-6745)
- Elrashdy M Moustafa Mohamed Redwan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0075)
- Medha Mathur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9539-5890)
- Jesús Lorenzo Chirinos-Cáceres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6462-171X)
- Olayinka Osuolale (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-8502)
- Nima Rezaei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-1827)
- Majid Nozari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2319-1930)
- Bedanta Roy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-4949)
- Prince Peprah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-2713)
- Dong Keon Yon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9948)
- Ahmad Azam Malik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1523-1407)
- Rama Krishna Sanjeev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-883X)
- Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-5685)
- Rose Bender (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-0039)
- Kamal Hezam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-8383)
- Mehran Shams-Beyranvand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-0955)
- Syed Mohamed Aljunid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-1335)
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- Zulfiqar A Bhutta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-599X)
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- R Deepthi
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-9368)
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- Jorge R Ledesma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2082-2486)
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- Celine Tabche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7690-6368)
- Hamidreza Hasani
- Florian Fischer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-1245)
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- Mohammed Shannawaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-5814)
- Austin E Schumacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-3782)
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- Kosala Weerakoon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-6928)
- Michael B. Arndt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9063-0644)
- Gulfaraz Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6836-1783)
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- Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4020)
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- Vikram Niranjan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-8250)
- Feriha Fatima Khidri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-8772)
- Devarajan Rathish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-4410)
- Shahina Pardhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-8387)
- Fred Nugen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-7035)
- Mahan Shafie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-0374)
- Abdelazeem M. Algammal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-1559)
- Madhur Verma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-8392)
- Almaza A. Albakri
- Mouhand Mohamed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-8014)
- Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-1962)
- Saber Yezli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-7092)
- Jefferson Antonio Buendía (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-6612)
- Shayan Rahmani
- Aqeel Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-9404)
- Felicia Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-0451)
- Rohith Motappa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-2850)
- Endalkachew Belayneh Melese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-7964)
- Dickson A Amugsi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-8481)
- Hadiza Yusuf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-752X)
- Duc Hoang Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-6829)
- Manoj Sharma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-2414)
- Hiba Jawdat Barqawi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-9172)
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- Amin Sharifan
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- Zeeshan Ali Khan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-8328)
- Monika Sawhney
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- Josephine W Ngunjiri
- E. Chowdhury (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-794X)
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- Naeimeh Pourtaheri
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- Frank Kyei‐Arthur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8524)
- Akhil Jain
- Meriem Abdoun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-1571)
- Demelash Areda
- Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-8968)
- Blima Fux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-3551)
- Kevin S Ikuta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-3907)
- Masood Ali Shaikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-4464)
- Adel Al‐Gheethi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-2954)
- Abraham Tamirat Gizaw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-6278)
- Kashish Malhotra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-5731)
- Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy
- Kuldeep Dhama (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-4752)
- Sherief Ghozy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-3023)
- Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-2252)
- Mohammed G M Zeariya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-2586)
- Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-2846)
- Fakher Rahim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2857-4562)
- Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-6223)
- Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-3184)
- Shafiu Mohammed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-966X)
- Mohamed A. Saleh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-6033)
- Sajad Yaghoubi
- Seyed Afshin Shorofi
- Samuel B Albertson
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- Sanaz Vahdati
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- Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello
- Tomislav Mestrovic
- Thanh Chi
- Meghnath Dhimal
- T. Sarkar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4167)
- Shekoufeh Roudashti
- Zanan Mohammed-Ameen Taha
- Awoke Derbie Habteyohannes
- Chadi Eltaha
- Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan
- Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu
- Babak Eshrati
- Sumant Inamdar
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Shubha Jayaram
- Amir M Khater
- Muhammed Elhadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4212)
- Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan
- Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor
- Nazila Rezaei
- Hafsa Zia
- Alem Girmay
- Md Saquib Hasnain
- Krishna Kant Tiwari
- Shankargouda Patil
- Najah R Hadi
- Bogdan Socea
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- Kritika Rana
- Giridhara R. Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-8933)
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- Soewarta Kosen
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- Mahabalesh Shetty
- Saleha Anwar
- Pavanchand H Shetty
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- Nhi Huu Hanh Le
- An Thien Tran
- Walter Mendoza
- Mihajlo Jakovljević
- Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Khalid A Kheirallah
- Brigid Unim
- Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra
- Aavishkar Raj Regmi
- Mengistu Abayneh Sebsibe
- Abdulfatai Aremu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-2814)
- Yun Jin Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-6844)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Lancet Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2024-12-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00691-1
- Citations
- 117
- Primary Topic
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 45.52
Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Medical Research Council