Engelund bedload transport formula for sparsely vegetated channels

Bedload transport in vegetated channels, especially sparsely vegetated channels, is highly complex. As flow intensity varies, bedload transport can be divided into two stages: local and global bedload transport. In this study, the Engelund formula, which is typically used for bedload transport in bare beds, has been extended to calculate the bedload transport rate in sparsely vegetated channels. The results show that the bedload formula based on bed shear stress is more appropriate for medium and high bedload transport rates (global bedload transport), while the bedload formula based on grain shear stress is more suitable for weak bedload transport rates (local bedload transport).