Study of Process, Microstructure, and Properties of Double-Wire Narrow-Gap Gas Metal Arc Welding Low-Alloy Steel

Narrow-gap arc welding is an efficient method that significantly enhances industrial production efficiency and reduces costs. This study investigates the application of low-alloy steel wire EG70-G in narrow-gap gas metal arc welding (GMAW) on thick plates. Experimental observations were made to examine the arc behavior, droplet transition behavior, and weld formation characteristics of double-wire welding under various process parameters. Additionally, the temperature field of the welding process was simulated using finite element software (ABAQUS 2020). Finally, the microstructure and microhardness of the fusion zone in a double-wire, single-pass filled joint under the different welding speeds were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the use of double-wire GMAW in narrow-gap welding yielded positive outcomes. Optimal settings for wire feeding speed, welding speed, and double-wire lateral spacing significantly enhanced welding quality, effectively preventing side wall non-fusion and poor weld profiles in the welded joints. The microstructure of the fusion zone produced at a higher welding speed (11 mm/s) was finer, resulting in increased microhardness compared to welds obtained at a lower speed (8 mm/s). This is attributed to the shorter duration of the liquid molten pool and the faster cooling rate associated with higher welding speed. This research provides a reference for the practical application of double-wire narrow-gap gas metal arc welding technology.