‘‘There's no quick fix!’’ Factors influencing rapid weight loss practices in Irish horseracing and the potential scope for change

Despite safe methods of weight management being reported, adverse rapid weight loss (RWL) practices persist in horseracing. The aims of this study were to understand the factors that influence persistent RWL to ultimately develop potential solutions to ameliorate the associated issues. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 participants representing relevant sectors of the Irish horseracing industry (jockeys n = 15; trainers/owners/breeders n = 7; health professionals n = 6; racing officials n = 5). Three higher order themes, each containing sub-themes were generated via reflexive thematic analysis: 1) Industry acceptance of RWL/wasting (broad awareness of the severity of RWL, RWL/wasting is part of the job, traditionalist attitude to jockey athletic identity) 2) Change is needed but will face barriers (alter minimum weight & claims, individualise minimum riding weights, implement mandatory education and supports for jockeys), and 3) Change requires a multifaceted, strategic approach (provide scientific rationale for change, industry wide approach is required). This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the factors influencing persistent RWL and provides potential changes to limit RWL. Implementing a multifaceted solution adapted to the context of horseracing is recommended, while industry agreement and endorsement of change by role models may facilitate change. Developing an evidence-based rationale should be priority to reduce RWL. • This study provides framework for understanding jockey weight-making behaviours. • Social and environmental factors influence an acceptance and continuation of RWL. • To overcome the complex problem a multifaceted solution is required. • An improved individual weight system alongside education and support may limit RWL. • Further rationale for change, industry alignment, role models, and rule changes may facilitate change.