A Study on the Symbolism of the Clock

A symbol is an entity with inherent meaning that cannot be fully expressed in precise words (Jung, 1996). Understanding symbolic expressions in therapy requires considering the diverse information provided by clients. Clocks are a ubiquitous part of our lives, prompting continual reflection on their symbolism. In sandplay therapy, various forms of clocks, such as round clocks and hourglasses, frequently appear regardless of age or gender. This study explores the symbolism of clocks by first examining the historical development of clocks and then analyzing their symbolic representations in paintings, films, literary works, myths, and folktales. First, the clock as a symbol of precision represents the rules that keep modern, complex societies functioning smoothly. Second, the clock as a symbol of relativity reflects that, while time is constant, it can feel different depending on the person. Third, the clock as a symbol of consciousness is embodied in the chime, where the auditory signal marks the passage of time. Fourth, the clock as a symbol of value represents a treasured possession that one wishes to keep. Fifth, the clock as a symbol of utility is regarded as an essential item needed in our lives. Sixth, the clock as a symbol of dynamism reflects the ceaseless flow of time that does not stop while we live. Seventh, the clock as a symbol of finiteness and infinity can be seen as an object that represents life and death. Finally, the clock as a symbol of wholeness can represent the mandala-like self through its circular or square shape. And based on this, the study examined the symbolism of clocks as revealed in the sandplay therapy cases of an 11-year-old girl, a 12-year-old boy, and a 29-year-old woman.