Synergic effects of core-shell nanospheres and magnetic field for sciatic nerve regeneration in decellularized artery conduits with Schwann cells

Numerous conduits have been developed to improve peripheral nerve regeneration. However, challenges remain, including remote control of conduit function, and programmed cell behaviors like orientation. We synthesized Fe₃O₄-MnO₂@Zirconium-based Metal-organic frameworks@Retinoic acid (FMZMR) core-shell and assessed their impact on Schwann cell function and behavior within conduits made from decellularized human umbilical arteries (DHUCA) under magnetic field (MF). FMZMR core-shell, featuring a spherical porous structure and catalytic properties, effectively scavenges radicals and facilitates controlled drug release under MF. The histology of the DHUCA indicates effective decellularization with adequate tensile strength and Young's modulus for sciatic nerve regeneration. In-vitro results demonstrate that FMZMR core-shell is biocompatible and promotes Schwann cell proliferation through remotely controlled drug release. Furthermore, its synergy with MF enhances cell orientation and increases neurite length by ~ 1.93-fold. Functional and histological evaluations indicate that the FMZMR core-shell combined with MF promotes nerve regeneration, decreases muscle atrophy, and enhances new neuron growth and myelin formation, without negatively affecting vital tissues. This study suggests that the synergistic effect of FMZMR core-shell with MF can alleviate some of the treatment challenges.