Modern Methods for the Isolation and Identification of Peptaibols from Filamentos Fungi

Peptaibols are linear or cyclic peptide antibiotics (peptabiotics) characterized by the presence of a non-proteinogenic alpha-aminoisobutyric amino acid produced by filamentous fungi from the Ascomycota phylum. They exhibit a wide range of biological activities against various microbial pathogens, protozoa, viruses, and tumor cells. In this review we described methods for the fungi cultivation, isolation, screening, purification, as well as peptaibol characterization andtheir biological activities. Currently many techniques for each step of their isolation are known, and we will focus on the most commonly used and recently developed chromatographic and spectroscopic methods for their extraction and identification.